Volume: 2 Issue: 3 (May - June 2026)
| Sr No. | Paper Information |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Author(s):
Dr. Shupreet singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Music
Page No:
1-6 |
गौरीपुर घराने के स्वर्गीय डॉ. वरिन्दर कुमार जी का संगीत जगत में योगदानAbstractसारांश यह अध्ययन स्वर्गीय डॉ. वरिन्दर कुमार जी के जीवन, संगीत प्रशिक्षण, वादन शैली तथा उनके शिक्षण एवं मंचीय योगदान का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। आप पंजाब के उन प्रमुख सितार वादकों में से एक थे, जिन्होंने न केवल अपनी उत्कृष्ट मंच प्रस्तुतियों द्वारा श्रोताओं को प्रभावित किया, बल्कि सितार को एकल वादन के रूप में स्थापित करने में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। आपने विभिन्न प्रतिष्ठित संस्थानों से औपचारिक संगीत शिक्षा प्राप्त की तथा अनेक गुरुओं के मार्गदर्शन में अपनी कला को परिष्कृत किया। एक कुशल शिक्षक के रूप में उन्होंने खालसा कॉलेज, अमृतसर एवं गुरु नानक देव विश्वविद्यालय जैसे संस्थानों में अध्यापन करते हुए अनेक शिष्यों को प्रशिक्षित किया, जो आज संगीत के क्षेत्र में सक्रिय हैं। उनकी वादन शैली में पारंपरिक घरानों की विशेषताओं के साथ-साथ नवीनता का संतुलित समन्वय देखने को मिलता है। आपने देश के विभिन्न मंचों पर अपनी प्रस्तुतियों के माध्यम से भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत के प्रचार-प्रसार में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। उन्हें अनेक सम्मानों से सम्मानित किया गया, जो उनके सांगीतिक योगदान का प्रमाण है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि डॉ. वरिन्दर कुमार का व्यक्तित्व एक सफल कलाकार, समर्पित शिक्षक और प्रभावशाली सांगीतिक व्यक्तित्व के रूप में स्थापित होता है, जिनका योगदान संगीत जगत में सदैव प्रेरणादायक रहेगा। | |
| 2 |
Author(s):
NEHA VERMA, DR. NAISH ZAMEER.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Law
Page No:
7-21 |
Gender Equality Beyond Women: Legal Recognition of Sexual Harassment against Men at the Workplace.AbstractAbstract Sexual harassment at the workplace has traditionally been viewed as a problem affecting women due to historical discrimination, patriarchal social structures, and gender-based violence. While legal frameworks across the world have evolved to protect women from workplace harassment, the issue of sexual harassment against men remains significantly under-recognized. In India, the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act) specifically protects women employees, thereby excluding male victims and reinforcing the perception that men cannot be victims of workplace sexual harassment. This gender-specific approach creates a legal vacuum and undermines the constitutional principles of equality, dignity, and non-discrimination. The present research paper critically examines the legal recognition of sexual harassment against men in the workplace and advocates for gender-neutral legal reforms. The study analyses constitutional provisions, judicial interpretations, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), international practices, and socio-cultural barriers that prevent male victims from reporting workplace harassment. The paper further evaluates the limitations of existing Indian laws and argues for inclusive workplace policies and gender-neutral legislation that protect every individual irrespective of gender identity. The paper concludes that gender equality cannot be achieved by protecting only one gender. A truly inclusive legal framework must acknowledge that sexual harassment can affect men, women, and persons of diverse gender identities alike. Therefore, India must adopt gender-neutral workplace harassment laws consistent with constitutional morality, international human rights standards, and evolving workplace realities. Keywords: Gender Equality, Sexual Harassment, Men at Workplace, Gender-Neutral Laws, POSH Act, Workplace Harassment, Constitutional Equality, Human Rights. | |
| 3 |
Author(s):
Dr. Anandakrishnan Kunholathillath.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
22-32 |
Maṅgalaśloka of DhvanyālokaAbstractThe Dhvanyāloka of Ānandavardhana is a milestone in the history of Sanskrit poetics. In this work, he establishes that dhvani (suggestion) is the soul of poetry, and defines it in a systematic and scientific manner. Following Indian tradition, Ānandavardhana begins the Dhvanyāloka with a maṅgalaśloka (auspicious verse). In the Locana, the commentary on the Dhvanyāloka, written by Abhinavagupta, it is said that this auspicious verse is very significant in that it illuminates different types of dhvani. In the later commentaries and studies on the Dhvanyāloka, it is this very perspective of Abhinavagupta that is seen to have been followed. However, this research paper discusses the significance of choosing such an auspicious verse wherein Ānandavardhana glorifies the claws of Narasiṃha in the context of the connection between the story of the Narasiṃhāvatāra and the subject matter of Dhvanyāloka. Here, various dimensions related to poetic appreciation — such as kāvyaśarīra (the body of poetry), kāvyātmā (the soul of poetry), vyañjanāvyāpāra, and sahṛdaya (the sensitive reader) — are discussed in connection with the mythological narrative. | |
| 4 |
Author(s):
Mr. Ashutosh Prasad, Dr. Prashant Shahi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
33-43 |
From Rta to Constitutional Duties: The Evolution of Dharma in Bharatiya Political and Philosophical TraditionAbstractIn Bharatiya traditions, the concept of Dharma has meant as the path of righteousness, duties and truthfulness, and has been discussed in the texts since ancin traditions. This study shall trace the evolution of Dharma across the ages and understand the journey from the cosmic order Rta in Rigveda has lived in the human society and taken form of moral and universal order. This paper has thoroughly focused on the verses and the teachings of ancient texts and traditions. The study dived into the writings of various Bharatiya thinkers and philosophers such as Kautilya and court members such as Abul Fazl and leaders such as Ahilyabai Holker, from Sri Aurobindo to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, from Swami Vivekananda to Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, from M.K. Gandhi to Dr. Hedgewar, and from Jawaharlal Nehru to K.M. Munshi. The paper has studied the discussions of Constitutional Assembly Debates. In this paper, the value of Dharma has been traced from the Directive Principles of State Policies and Fundamental Duties. And similar values have also been traced across the rule of different governments in Bharat. This paper has also discussed the western concept of Religion and traced the role of spirituality led religious values in reviving the nationalistic values and its relationship with the Dharma. Thus, this study extensively deals with the political and philosophical roots of Bharatiya values of Dharma which transformed from Rta to Constitutional Duties. | |
| 5 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sanmathi Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
44-53 |
Technological Innovation and Research in Digital HumanitiesAbstractResearch in Digital humanities is an area of scholarly activity at the intersection of computing or digital technologies and the disciplines of the humanities. It includes the systematic use of digital resources in the humanities as well as the analysis of their application. It can be defined as new ways of doing scholarship that involve collaborative, transdisciplinary, and computationally engaged research teaching, and publishing. It brings digital tools and methods to the study of the humanities with the recognition that the printed word is no longer the main medium for knowledge production and distribution. Digital Humanities is the intersection of computing and humanistic inquiry. It uses technological innovations—such as AI, GIS mapping, and 3D modelling—to analyse culture, history and art. This allows scholars to process vast archives, discover hidden patterns, and reimagine traditional scholarship beyond the printed. The application of technological innovation in the digital humanities spans several core methodologies, revolutionizing how we study society and history. Research on Digital Humanities has been boosted due to the investment in technology for developing access and interaction tools for handling humanities and heritage data. The availability of these tools lowers the distance between scholars and data generators and students at various levels not only because it facilitates access to information but also through the dissemination technologies used in these tools designed for the improvement of user experience. Most of the disciplines associated with the humanities involve geographical and temporal references, often integrated. These references have been scientifically and pedagogically handled for centuries and are established through the use of maps and timelines. Both these supports have been implemented and used digitally and their potential has been risen through their innovative integration with narratives, storytelling and story maps, enabling the telling of historical events in narratives superimposed on maps. In this paper I tried to describe initial set of tools which use a subset of these technologies and data types to enable learning and dissemination of humanities data and knowledge and how techniques for making data available and tools for enhancing interaction with these data can improve user experience and potentiate learning and dissemination. It also explores how technological integration has reshaped research, teaching, and public engagement in the humanities. The study also addresses key challenges, including ethical concerns, issues of digital access, and the sustainability of digital projects and vital pathway for their evolution in digital humanity.Key Words: Digital Humanities, Technological Integration, Research, Data Visualization & Heritage | |
| 6 |
Author(s):
Sonali Subba.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Journalism and Mass Communication
Page No:
54-61 |
Language Preservation, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, and Cultural Identity among the Limbu Community: A Narrative ReviewAbstractThe Limbu community, one amongst the most prominent indigenous group of the Eastern Himalayas, has a rich cultural heritage which stems from its distinct language, the oral scripture called Mundhum and expressive traditions such as Palam songs and Yumaism. In a globalizing world, context of urbanization and digitalization, these traditions are increasingly challenged by developments of language assimilation, disconnection with the generations, and insufficient institutional support. This narrative review reflects the harmony of peer-reviewed scholarship spanning the past 22 years (2003-2024) and explores the nexus between language preservation, indigenous knowledge systems, and cultural identity within the Limbu community. Based on the findings of the anthropological, linguistic, cultural, educational, and communication research, the review defines five clusters: language as a means of cultural identity, Mundhum as an indigenous epistemological system, digital media as a platform for revitalization, representation and identity politics, and structural challenges to cultural sustainability. The results show that the Limbu language is irreplaceable as a vehicle for traditional knowledge and that its disappearance will lead to loss of whole healing practices, ecological thoughts, and oral governance. Digital platforms have opened up opportunities for cultural participation and diaspora connection, but their effect on language vitality is uneven. Structural barriers such as dominant language policies, insufficient mother tongue education and less institutional support remain as the main obstacles to cultural continuity. The review ends by highlighting research gaps in the analysis of communication, digital engagement, comparative indigenous studies and gender-inclusive frameworks, and implications for scholars with the intersection of communication theory and indigenous studies. | |
| 7 |
Author(s):
Dr. Bighneswar Mishra.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Home Science
Page No:
62-71 |
महाभारतप्रतिपादितगृहविज्ञानम् एवं भारतीयज्ञानपरम्परा – एकमनुशीलनम्Abstractभारतीयज्ञानपरम्परायां गृहविज्ञानं न केवलं सामाजिकविज्ञानस्याङ्गं यत् गृहपरिवारसम्बद्धानामावश्यकयोजनानां व्यवस्थिताध्ययनं करोति, पारिवारिकसुखाय सैद्धान्तिकं व्यावहारिकं च ज्ञानं प्रददात्यपितु शिक्षायाः एकः तथाविधो उपक्रमोSस्ति यस्यान्तर्गतमुपभोक्तृविज्ञानपाककलापोषणगृहार्थशास्त्रबालपालनमानवविकासान्तरिकसज्जावस्त्रपरिधा-नादिनाध्ययनं जायते। भारतीयसाहित्ये महर्षिवेद्व्यासलिखितं महाभारतमनेकशास्त्राधारितविशाल- महाकाव्यं वर्तते यत्र महर्षिव्यासेन कथाप्रवाहे सन्दर्भानुसारं गृहविज्ञानसम्बद्धमहत्त्वपूर्णतथ्यानां चर्चा कृता विद्यते। अद्यत्वे गृहविज्ञानस्य महत्त्वं न केवलं समाजेSपितु शिक्षाप्रणाल्यामपि पाठ्यक्रमस्याङ्गत्वेन स्वीकृतं विद्यते। महाभारते वर्णितगृहविज्ञानस्य तत्वान्यत्यन्तप्रयोजनभूतान्यद्यतनीयशिक्षाप्रण्याल्याम् उपकारभूतानि च भवन्ति इति शोधपत्रे प्रस्तूयते।] | |
| 8 |
Author(s):
Debolina Biswas, Sanu Mondal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Library and Information Science
Page No:
72-85 |
How Social Media Peoples Perceive ‘One Nation One Subscription’ Initiative: A Sentiment AnalysisAbstractThe "One Nation One Subscription" (ONOS) initiative, launched by the Government of India in January 2025, aims to democratize access to scholarly research by providing free access to over 13,000 high-impact journals for approximately 18 million users across 6,400 institutions. This study investigates public sentiment towards ONOS by analyzing Twitter data using sentiment analysis techniques. A total of 137 comments were collected using the hashtag #ONOS, with a focus on posts from the Ministry of Education and ANI, which garnered the highest engagement. The data were preprocessed through cleaning, tokenization, stopword handling, and vectorization using TF-IDF. Sentiment classification was performed using lexicon-based methods (TextBlob and VADER) and machine learning models including Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results revealed that 41.6% of the tweets expressed positive sentiment, 52.6% were neutral, and only 5.8% were negative. Linear SVC achieved the highest classification accuracy at 89%, followed by Logistic Regression (86%) and KNN (82%). Word cloud analysis highlighted frequently used terms such as “research,” “India,” and “access,” while sentiment-specific word clouds identified “great,” “good,” and “free” as positive indicators, and “useless” and “mean” as negative ones. The findings suggest a predominantly positive or neutral public perception of ONOS, with minimal negative sentiment. This study underscores the utility of sentiment analysis in gauging public opinion on policy initiatives and highlights the potential of social media analytics in informing evidence-based decision-making. | |
| 9 |
Author(s):
संतोष कुमार गौतम, प्रो. (डॉ.) विजय प्रताप मल्ल.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
86-92 |
कौटिल्य की मण्डल नीति और आधुनिक भू-राजनीति: दक्षिण एशिया के विशेष संदर्भ मेंAbstractप्राचीन भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतन में आचार्य कौटिल्य का 'अर्थशास्त्र' यथार्थवादी कूटनीति और राज्यशिल्प (Statecraft) का एक आधारभूत ग्रंथ है। 21वीं सदी की जटिल और बहुध्रुवीय विश्व व्यवस्था में, विशेषकर दक्षिण एशियाई भू-राजनीति के संदर्भ में, कौटिल्य के राजनीतिक सिद्धांतों की प्रासंगिकता पर नए सिरे से विमर्श प्रारंभ हुआ है। यह शोध पत्र कौटिल्य की 'मण्डल नीति' (राज्यों के वृत्त का सिद्धांत) का आलोचनात्मक और विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन करता है तथा इसे आधुनिक दक्षिण एशियाई सामरिक गतिशीलता के परिप्रेक्ष्य में परखता है। मण्डल सिद्धांत यह प्रतिपादित करता है कि एक विजिगीषु (विजय की इच्छा रखने वाले) राज्य का निकटतम पड़ोसी स्वाभाविक रूप से उसका शत्रु होता है, और शत्रु का शत्रु स्वाभाविक मित्र होता है। यह शोध पत्र इस शास्त्रीय सिद्धांत को भारत, पाकिस्तान और चीन के बीच मौजूद सामरिक त्रिकोण, सीमा विवादों, और क्षेत्रीय गठबंधन की राजनीति पर लागू करता है। अध्ययन से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि यद्यपि परमाणु निवारण (Nuclear Deterrence) और गैर-राज्य अभिकर्ताओं (Non-state actors) के उदय ने आधुनिक कूटनीति की प्रकृति को बदल दिया है, फिर भी भौगोलिक नियतिवाद, शक्ति-संतुलन और 'पड़ोसी ही शत्रु' जैसी मण्डल नीति की मूल मान्यताएँ आज भी दक्षिण एशिया की विदेश नीतियों का अदृश्य संचालन कर रही हैं। ऐतिहासिक निरंतरता और आधुनिक भू-राजनीतिक यथार्थवाद के बीच सेतु का निर्माण करते हुए, यह शोध पत्र स्पष्ट करता है कि भारत की 'नेबरहुड फर्स्ट' और 'एक्ट ईस्ट' नीतियां कहीं न कहीं कौटिल्य के षड्गुण्य (छह सूत्रीय विदेश नीति) और मण्डल सिद्धांत का ही आधुनिक और परिष्कृत संस्करण हैं। मुख्य शब्द : कौटिल्य, मण्डल नीति, भू-राजनीति, दक्षिण एशिया, यथार्थवाद, सामरिक संतुलन। | |
| 10 |
Author(s):
Ms. Pranamika Bora, Ms. Sangita Bhattacharyya.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Ayurveda
Page No:
93-97 |
The Art of Dinacarya in AyurvedaAbstractAs a holistic science of life, Āyurveda addresses every dimension of human well being. It provides all the essential tools to help an individual achieve both physical health and genuine happiness. Within this system, Dinacaryā i.e. daily routine plays a vital role in a person’s life. The ancient treatises, such as the Carakasaṁhitā, Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam teaches that a daily routine called Dinacaryā maintains physical and prevents diseases. It includes a series of daily practice such as waking up early, oral hygiene, exercise, bathing etc. that all synchronized with the natural rhythms of the body and environment. These practices help maintain the balance of the doṣas viz., vāta, pitta and kapha, promote physical fitness, mental clarity and overall well-being. In the modern era, where lifestyle related disorders are increasing, the Āyurvedic concept of Dinacaryā offers a holistic and preventive approach to healthy living. | |
| 11 |
Author(s):
Debarshi Adhikari.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
98-110 |
श्रीबालकृष्णभट्टानुसारम् अलङ्कारसारे प्रतिपादिताः शब्दालङ्काराः : एकं विश्लेषणात्मकम् अध्ययनम्Abstractअलम् इत्यव्ययपूर्वक - कृ धातोः ‘भावे’ इति पाणिनिसूत्रेण घञि-प्रत्यये कृते सति अलङ्कार इति शब्दः निष्पद्यते । व्युत्पत्तिदृष्ट्या अलङ्कारशब्दः त्रिविधः – भावव्युत्पत्तिनिष्पन्नः करणव्युत्पत्तिनिष्पन्नः कर्त्रर्थप्रधानश्च । काव्यशोभाकराः धर्माः अलङ्काराः इति प्रतिपादयन् आचार्यः दण्डी करणव्युत्पत्तिनिष्पन्नम् अलङ्कारपदम् अङ्गीकरोति । सौन्दर्यमलङ्कारः इति कथयता वामनेन भावव्युत्पत्तिनिष्पन्नम् अलङ्कारपदं स्वीक्रियते । अपि च उपकुर्वन्ति तं सन्तं येsङ्गद्वारेण जातुचित् इति प्रतिपादयन् आचार्यः मम्मटः प्रागुक्तं तृतीयव्युत्पत्तिनिष्पन्नम् अलङ्कारपदं समर्थयति । अस्याः त्रिविधायाः व्युत्पत्तेरनुसारं अलङ्कारः एवंविधं करणम् अथवा असाधारणं साधनम् अस्ति येन सौन्दर्यस्य आधानं भवति । तदित्थं यत्तत्त्वं यो वाSर्थः शरीरं भूषयति तस्य तत्त्वस्य अर्थस्य वा नाम भवति अलङ्कार इति । संस्कृतसाहित्ये त्रिघरोपनामकस्य बालकृष्णभट्टस्य तथा च तस्य अलङ्कारसारग्रन्थस्य महत्त्वपूर्णं स्थानं वर्तते । अलङ्कारसारग्रन्थे अलङ्कारस्य किमपि लक्षणं न प्राप्यते । परन्तु सर्वेषाम् आलङ्कारिकाणां मतं प्रदर्श्य अलङ्काराणां विवेचनं बालकृष्णभट्टेन प्रस्तुतम् अस्ति । | |
| 12 |
Author(s):
Kumar Saurabh, Dr. Saumya Maniny Sinha.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
111-128 |
Democracy As Soft Power: India and Asean in the Indo-PacificAbstractIndia has maintained its long history of democratic rule in the post-colonial world despite a considerable diversity with respect to race, ethnicity, religion, language, etc. India has sustained constitutional governance through an independent judiciary system, regular elections and a pluralist social order. These democratic values have been reflected not only in India's domestic political institutions, but also in how India conducts itself externally, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. This research inspects whether democracy can serve as an influencing force for regional diplomacy without being coercive or using political intervention. The study observes the use of democratic values as a soft power in India-ASEAN relations, especially within a region that contain diverse political systems from electoral democracies to authoritarian regimes. The research questions motivating this study include: (1) What role does India diplomatically play as a democratic country with respect to ASEAN? (2) How far does democracy encourage political resilience and normative cooperation amongst the countries of Indo-Pacific? and (3) How can India promote democratic values within the ASEAN region while maintaining ASEAN's existing norm of non-interference? The primary objective is to evaluate how democracy can be used as a non-coercive tool in the pursuit of regional diplomacy for India. The paper follows a qualitative and analytical approach. It analyses policy documents, institutional cooperation frameworks, and diplomatic initiatives to study the normative nature of India-ASEAN relations. The key findings suggest that instead of being a political standard, democracy can be used as a normative resource for increasing trust and building cooperative relationships as India has used capacity-building, parliamentary exchanges and governance-related cooperation. Ultimately, the research concludes that using democratic values as a soft power diplomacy can build India's credibility as a stabilising partner. | |
| 13 |
Author(s):
Hiyashree Ray.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
129-133 |
The theory of Surgery in Ancient India with Special Reference of Suśruta SaṁhitāAbstractAbstractĀyurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicine in the world and has played a significant role in preserving the health of the Indian people from thousands of years. Every nation possesses its own traditional system of healing which aims at maintaining the physical, mental and spiritual well-being of its people. In India, Āyurveda occupies a prominent position among such traditional medical systems. Its principles have been applied not only to human health but also to veterinary medicine, which indicates the universal applicability of its fundamental concepts.The origin of Āyurveda can be traced back to the Vedic period. The Vedas contain references to various methods of healing and rejuvenation associated with divine physicians such as the Aśvinīkumāras and Indra. Although many of these descriptions are symbolic and not fully understood today, they reflect the advanced medical knowledge and health consciousness of ancient India. The Vedic sages aspired to live a complete life of one hundred years with health, prosperity and happiness. This aspiration led to the development of a holistic healthcare system that emphasized the physical, mental, intellectual and spiritual dimensions of human life.The term Āyurveda literally means "the science of life" or "the knowledge of life." It is regarded as the foundation of many natural and alternative systems of medicine. The Ayurvedic approach to health is comprehensive and includes Ācāra (conduct and lifestyle), Vicāra (thought and mental attitude) and Āhāra (diet and nutrition). Thus, Āyurveda presents a complete philosophy of healthy living and continues to remain relevant in the modern world. | |
| 14 |
Author(s):
Archana Pandey, Akanksha Pandey.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Law
Page No:
134-143 |
Bridging the Chasm: Integrating India’s Tribal Customary Practices into the Modern Intellectual Property Rights RegimeAbstractIndia has one of the most extensive collections of Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) , maintained by tribal groups through traditional medicinal use, biodiversity, agriculture, art, oral traditions and cultural ritual. The existing Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) system only protects individual ownership and innovative ideas, and therefore fails to provide adequate protection to tribal communities with respect to collective ownership and intergenerational tribal knowledge.The research aims to reveal what gaps exist between tribal customs and the current IPR system and possible avenues for effective protection. The study uses qualitative and doctrinal approaches based on both primary and secondary sources, where the primary sources consist of national laws and treaties, while the secondary sources include books, government papers, and court decisions. This investigation seeks to assess the effect of biopiracy on tribal cultures as well as the effectiveness of present-day legal regimes while offering recommendation for a new sui generis intellectual property rule system to regulate intellectual property holdings by tribal communities, including community tribal ownership, equitable community-wide participation in benefit-sharing, and a sworn community commitment to the fair distribution of community resources to enhance the effectiveness of the administration of tribal IP in India. | |