Shodh Prabha: A Multidisciplinary Journal

Language Preservation, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, and Cultural Identity among the Limbu Community: A Narrative Review

The Limbu community, one amongst the most prominent indigenous group of the Eastern Himalayas, has a rich cultural heritage which stems from its distinct language, the oral scripture called Mundhum and expressive traditions such as Palam songs and Yumaism. In a globalizing world, context of urbanization and digitalization, these traditions are increasingly challenged by developments of language assimilation, disconnection with the generations, and insufficient institutional support. This narrative review reflects the harmony of peer-reviewed scholarship spanning the past 22 years (2003-2024) and explores the nexus between language preservation, indigenous knowledge systems, and cultural identity within the Limbu community. Based on the findings of the anthropological, linguistic, cultural, educational, and communication research, the review defines five clusters: language as a means of cultural identity, Mundhum as an indigenous epistemological system, digital media as a platform for revitalization, representation and identity politics, and structural challenges to cultural sustainability. The results show that the Limbu language is irreplaceable as a vehicle for traditional knowledge and that its disappearance will lead to loss of whole healing practices, ecological thoughts, and oral governance. Digital platforms have opened up opportunities for cultural participation and diaspora connection, but their effect on language vitality is uneven. Structural barriers such as dominant language policies, insufficient mother tongue education and less institutional support remain as the main obstacles to cultural continuity. The review ends by highlighting research gaps in the analysis of communication, digital engagement, comparative indigenous studies and gender-inclusive frameworks, and implications for scholars with the intersection of communication theory and indigenous studies.